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IWWAGE Bi-Monthly Seminar: Gender Transformative Evaluation- Why and How?

IWWAGE Bi-Monthly Seminar: Gender Transformative Evaluation- Why and How?

Jahnvi Andharia, Director and Research Fellow at Institute for Social Studies Trust along with her colleague Alpaxee Kashyap joined us for a seminar series on July 11, 2024 to discuss Gender Transformative Evaluations.

The seminar started with a discussion on the history of evaluation and the importance of context in evaluation right from its origin. It was realized soon enough that change can only be measured through certain kinds of frameworks. An evaluator’s job then becomes to identify the right kind of measurement framework given the context accounting for both strengths and weaknesses. The discussion further progressed into origins of Voluntary Organization for Professional Evaluation (VOPEs) and evolution of evaluation as it became a government function initially because of the monetary and human resource aspect which only a government body could possess. As ‘evaluation’ expanded to both government and non-government programs, multiple stakeholders entered the picture. This also led to “engendering evaluation”. The focus of the discussion further shifted to engaging participants on differentiating between change and transformation. Change is conceptualized as a shorter-term response to new external factors but transformation is often an internal and a fundamental evolution in the belief system of individuals. Change can be small and incremental; however, transformation is always large and significant. Lastly, transformation may not require any external influence to maintain it but more foundational shifts from within. Transformations might not be necessarily positive and their impact can only be determined later.

As suggested by the discussion, transformation is a spectrum. Before understanding Gender Transformative Evaluation, one must understand different levels of how any evaluation constitutes Gender. Evaluations in its objective can choose to decide whether it wants to include ‘gender’ and how based on these different levels.

Level 1: Gender Discriminatory- Any program that perpetuates gender inequality by reinforcing unbalanced norms, roles and relations.

Level 2: Gender Blind- This suggests any evaluation/program that is neutral to gender norms, roles and relations. In terms of such evaluation, the objective might not go beyond surface level involvement of men and women without understanding gender norms.

Level 3: Gender Sensitive- Unlike previous types of evaluation, this approach considers gender roles, norms and relations. However, it does not go a further step to address inequality created by such unequal norms.

Level 4: Gender Responsive- This approach takes that step and investigates whether an intervention/program has actually responded to gender specific needs.

Level 5: Gender Transformative- Any approach of evaluation is truly gender transformative if it questions power structures and includes ways of transforming gender norms and promotes gender equality in the longer run.

The speakers urged the participants to identify key differences between research and evaluation. Through an interactive discussion, it was concluded that the key difference between research and evaluation is that research can be the creation of new knowledge but evaluation has a specific purpose to assess an activity, program or strategy. Evaluation aims to improve something and includes specific people for which the evaluation is considered- beneficiaries, implementers, government and non-government bodies etc.

Through rounds of discussion and interaction, the participants also developed a better understanding on the nature of Evaluation and what can make them Transformative. It was realized that the objective of evaluation is often very limited and this restricts transformation. Traditional indicators of measurement during evaluation often focus on achievable outputs and not outcomes. Outcomes require more time and if the evaluation fails to understand whether the current outputs actually leads to better outcomes, such evaluation won’t reveal the true picture of what is happening with the intervention.

Finally, in order to truly understand Gender Transformative Evaluations, one must develop an understanding of intersectionality, equity and human rights. The discussion also introduced various operational challenges especially in terms of budget in conducting Gender Transformative Evaluation. Overall, as a domain Evaluation requires an in-depth understanding of purpose, criteria, methodology, stakeholder analysis, data collection methods and finally incorporation of gender to develop deeper understanding of the hierarchies in the system. Before concluding, the discussion also went into some detail on conflicting perspectives that evaluators might face and the significance of maintaining strong research methods combining a mixed approach in Evaluation.

IWWAGE at Global Evaluation Initiatives gLOCAL Evaluation Week 2024

IWWAGE at Global Evaluation Initiative’s gLOCAL Evaluation Week 2024

 

On 3rd June 2024, a panel discussion titled “Evaluating Gaps in Women Empowerment Indices and Strategies to Bridge Them” explored the complexities of measuring women’s empowerment. Moderated by Dr. Arpita Paul, the session featured panellists Mridusmita Bordoloi (IWWAGE) and Dr. Vikash Vaibhav (O.P. Jindal Global University). Key discussions included:

  • Examining global and Indian methodologies for assessing women’s empowerment.
  • Identifying dimensions of empowerment that remain unmeasured, particularly in the Indian context.
  • Highlighting data availability and quality limitations while proposing innovative approaches for more accurate measurement.
  • Developing strategies to address gaps in empowerment indices, such as state-level comparable indices and inclusive, intersectional frameworks.

The session emphasised the importance of holistic indicators and reliable data to inform effective policy making. Watch the session recording here

 

On 5th June 2024, IWWAGE hosted a panel discussion titled “Childcare and Women’s Work: Are These Connected?” to address the significant barrier that unpaid childcare responsibilities pose to women’s participation in the labour force. Moderated by Prakriti Sharma, the panel featured insights from Bidisha Mondal, Divya Singh Kohli, and Sruthi Kutty. The discussion focused on:

  • Exploring how access to reliable and affordable childcare can empower women economically.
  • Highlighting the potential of childcare solutions to boost women’s workforce participation.
  • Stressing the need for comprehensive policy interventions to address childcare responsibilities effectively.

Both events underscored the importance of targeted solutions and robust policies to advance women’s empowerment and economic inclusion in India. Watch the session recording here

Roundtable Consultation on Emerging Elderly Care Models

Roundtable Consultation on ‘Emerging Elderly Care Models – Opportunities for Improving Women’s Engagement in Caregiving’

The roundtable consultation on ‘Emerging Elderly Care Models – Opportunities for Improving Women’s Engagement in Caregiving’ was held on November,  12, 2024 at the Ambassador Hotel, New Delhi. Moderated by Dr. Sona Mitra, Director of Research and Policy at IWWAGE, and co-hosted by IWWAGE and The Quantum Hub as part of the Future of Work series, the event aimed to explore the complexities of elderly care and the challenges of integrating women into the formal caregiving workforce.

The event featured an esteemed panel of experts from academia, industry, and policy. Discussions sought to unpack the opportunities and challenges within the elder care sector, highlighting its crucial role in empowering women economically.

Radha Chellappa, Executive Director, IWWAGE, began the session by emphasising IWWAGE’s strategic focus on the care economy. She noted, “The lack of elder care support significantly reduces women’s participation in the workforce. Geriatric care must adopt a multidimensional approach, extending beyond physical needs to holistic well-being.”

Sonakshi Chaudhry, Manager, Strategic Partnerships & Communications, The Quantum Hub, provided a demographic analysis, drawing attention to India’s ageing population and the feminisation of ageing, which sees elderly women facing heightened vulnerabilities due to limited financial independence. She stated, “The elder care market holds immense potential. A 2% investment of GDP could create 11 million jobs, addressing gendered occupational segregation and boosting women’s employment through technology-driven health services.”

Participants examined innovative models, including Japan’s community care hubs and Denmark’s universal elder care systems. Indian initiatives, such as Bengaluru’s Nightingale Centres and the Ministry of Social Justice’s Integrated Centres for Senior Citizens, were commended. Kerala’s palliative care policy was highlighted as a replicable example of community-led, nurse-centric care.

The discussions underscored the need for robust policies to address the feminisation of ageing and ensure affordable elder care. Dipa Sinha, Independent Researcher advocated for stronger social security measures, such as pensions for informal workers. Mini Sukumar, Member, Kerala State Planning Board, showcased Kerala’s community-based programs that bridge funding and resource gaps.

Workforce transformation was a key focus, with recommendations for upskilling caregivers, improving job stability through flexible arrangements, and fostering international opportunities. Mitali Nikore, Founder, Nikore Associates, proposed leveraging public-private partnerships (PPPs) to reimagine skill development and create aspirational career pathways in elder care.

Sonal Shah, Founder – The Urban Catalysts emphasised the role of spatial planning in developing elder-inclusive urban environments, such as multigenerational care facilities that promote intergenerational engagement and reduce caregiving burdens. Debasis Barik, Senior Fellow – NCAER stressed the importance of early healthcare interventions for middle-aged individuals to ensure healthier ageing populations and reduce future care needs.

Speakers, including Karina Bhasin, Program Manager, UNDP and Priya Anant, Founder, LifeCircle Home Care, discussed the transformative potential of technology in elder care, such as virtual care ecosystems and monitoring platforms. However, they cautioned that the human touch in caregiving remains irreplaceable, calling for balanced integration of technology.

In her closing remarks, Professor Rama Baru, former Professor at JNU,  called for greater state involvement to ensure equitable elder care solutions. She stated, “The government must balance regulation with affordability, leveraging partnerships without abdicating responsibility.”

The roundtable concluded with actionable recommendations, including developing elder-inclusive infrastructure, fostering care entrepreneurship, and creating pathways for intergenerational knowledge transfer.

IWWAGE at the second edition of the Asia Pacific Care Forum in Bangkok

IWWAGE at the second edition of the Asia Pacific Care Forum in Bangkok

The second edition of the Asia Pacific Care Forum took place in Bangkok from October 22-24, 2024. Organised by UN Women and the Global Alliance for Care (Alianza Global por los Cuidados), alongside various partners, the forum brought together a diverse array of stakeholders from across the Asia-Pacific region. Over three days, participants collaborated to develop a shared vision for reshaping economies with “care” at their core.

Sruthi Kutty, Senior Policy Manager at the Institute for What Works to Advance Gender Equality (IWWAGE), co-facilitated a dynamic breakout session with Civil Society Organisations to craft a “Vision for Transforming Care Systems in Asia Pacific.”

The session’s insights were shared during a plenary panel discussion, which explored opportunities, challenges, and recommendations for strengthening the care economy and advancing women’s economic empowerment.

The session was moderated by Nansiri Iamsuk, Migration Programme Specialist at UN Women Asia and the Pacific. Other panellists included YB Puan Anfaal Binti Saari, Chair of the Standing Committee on Women & Family Empowerment, Social Welfare & Care Economy, Selangor State Government, Malaysia; Dr Seema Bhatia-Panthaki, Director of the Gender Equality Platform at AVPN; and Ricar Pascoela, Director of the Working Women’s Center, Timor-Leste.

IWWAGE at the 2nd Gender Dialogues

IWWAGE at the 2nd Gender Dialogues, organised by UN Women and the Norwegian Embassy in New Delhi

Sona Mitra participated in the second Gender Dialogues, organised by UN Women and the Norwegian Embassy in New Delhi, to discuss the crucial issue of shaping policy actions for building a comprehensive care ecosystem. The second Gender Dialogue was organised on September 14, 2024

IWWAGE – an initiative of LEAD at Krea University – is dedicated to advancing Women’s Economic Empowerment (WEE). By collaborating with diverse stakeholders, IWWAGE strives to contribute to the development of an enabling care ecosystem that not only empowers women but also drives inclusive economic growth and development.

IWWAGE at National Seminar on Women and Employment in India

IWWAGE at National Seminar on Women and Employment in India, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh

 

At the National Seminar on Women and Employment in India, held from September, 3 to 5 2023, in Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, Bidisha Mondal, Senior Research Fellow at IWWAGE – an initiative of LEAD at Krea University, shared valuable insights. Organised by the Centre for Development Studies (Rajiv Gandhi University) and the Institute for Human Development, the seminar explored the challenges faced by women in the Indian workforce.

Bidisha presented a co-authored paper with Sona Mitra titled “Women’s ‘Willingness’ to Work: Evidence from Five States in India,” which emphasised the importance of adopting a more comprehensive perspective on labour underutilisation, beyond conventional unemployment statistics.

The seminar addressed critical topics such as the limitations of official surveys, low female labour force participation, and workplace gender discrimination.

Workshop on Financing Quality Childcare Facilities in India

Workshop on Financing Quality Childcare Facilities in India held at Ambassador Hotel, New Delhi on August 22, 2024

On 22 August 2024, IWWAGE, in collaboration with Mobile Creches, hosted a workshop on “Financing Quality Childcare Facilities in India.” The event aimed to bring together experts, policymakers, and practitioners to deliberate on creating sustainable childcare solutions across various settings, including urban slums, construction sites, and government premises.

The workshop commenced with opening remarks from Sona Mitra, Director of Policy and Research at IWWAGE, who set the context for the day. This was followed by a keynote address from Amneet P. Kumar, Commissioner & Secretary to the Government of Haryana, WCD, chaired by Chavi Vohra, Executive Director of Strategy & Impact at Mobile Creches.

Subsequent special addresses from Sunil Kumar Yadav, Director at NULM, MoHUA, and Ritu Dewan, President of the 64th National Conference of ISLE, provided a deeper perspective on the critical need for investment in Early Childhood Development (ECD).

Key discussions focused on vital aspects such as financial provisions for different creche operational models, catering to settings like urban slums, construction sites, and government premises. The study underpinning the event analysed Early Childhood Development (ECD) budgets across four states and included primary data to identify essential expenditure areas for running creches.

Divya Singh, Senior Research Manager at IWWAGE, presented the findings of an extensive study, highlighting ECD budgets from four states and essential expenditure areas for operationalising creches. Chirashree Ghosh, Executive Director of Operations & Partnerships at Mobile Creches, shared key recommendations and actionable steps towards advancing ECD funding and infrastructure.

The workshop concluded with a lively roundtable discussion where participants from diverse organisations shared insights, challenges, and innovative ideas for enhancing childcare systems. The event ended with a vote of thanks by Sruthi Kutty, Senior Policy Manager at IWWAGE, followed by a networking lunch.

Key Takeaways:

  • Strengthening financial provisions for diverse childcare models.
  • Insights from ECD budget analysis and primary data.
  • Collaborative pathways for scaling up sustainable childcare facilities.

The discussions and recommendations from this workshop will serve as a foundation for shaping policies that prioritise quality child care in India. Stay tuned for the full report and further updates on this initiative!

Building Resilient Communities: Women and Sustainable Ecosystems

IWWAGE at the convening organised by the National Commission for Women – India, National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)INDIA, and UN Women. “Building Resilient Communities: Women and Sustainable Ecosystems” on July 30, 2024

 

On July 30, 2024, at Sushma Swaraj Bhawan in New Delhi, Moumita Sarkar, Co-Lead of SWAYAM, IWWAGE, participated in a thought-provoking panel discussion at a multi-stakeholder convening organised by the National Commission for Women – India, the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) INDIA, and UN Women.

The session, titled “Social Protection through NRLM – Creating an Enabling Environment through Strengthened Community Institutions: Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM),” featured an exceptional panel, including Dr. Sarita Anand from ROSHNI – Centre of Women Collectives Led Social Action, Sarbani Bose from PRADAN, and Seema Bhaskaran from Transform Rural India. 

 

Moumita Sarkar explored the intricacies of gender-intentional design within DAY-NRLM, shedding light on SWAYAM’s technical and learning partnership. She shared valuable insights on gender-transformative pilots across various Indian states, emphasising the opportunities they create for grassroots women’s leadership and the pressing need for convergence.

The panel also addressed ongoing initiatives to standardise training resources, provide gender integration advisories, and develop gender operational strategies within DAY-NRLM.

Empowering Women at Work: Advancing the Care Economy

In an interview with People Matters, Sona Mitra underscores the importance of creating a care economy that empowers women. Despite being indispensable, the care economy—which includes childcare, elder care, and domestic work—often remains undervalued and overlooked.

Mitra emphasises the need to recognise and fairly compensate unpaid care work, which is predominantly undertaken by women.

Roundtable on ‘Climate Change and the Future of Women’s Work: A Crucial Dialogue’ on June 6, 2024

Roundtable on ‘Climate Change and the Future of Women’s Work: A Crucial Dialogue’ on June 6, 2024

 

On June 6, 2024, IWWAGE – an initiative of LEAD at Krea University – organised and hosted a roundtable on ‘Climate Change and the Future of Women’s Work’ in collaboration with The Quantum Hub (TQH). This event marked the fourth discussion in the ‘Women and the Future of Work Series’, jointly conceptualised by IWWAGE and TQH.

The discussion delved deeply into the unique and often disproportionate impacts of climate change on women, highlighting the ways in which environmental challenges exacerbate existing gender inequalities. Women, particularly in marginalised communities, are frequently at the forefront of the climate crisis, bearing the brunt of its consequences due to their roles in caregiving, household management, and reliance on natural resources for livelihoods.

A critical point of focus was the pressing need for supportive ecosystems and gender-specific programmes within climate policies. Such initiatives would ensure that women are not only protected from the adverse effects of climate change but also equipped to contribute meaningfully to solutions. Panellists underscored the importance of integrating women’s perspectives into climate planning and action, paving the way for more equitable and sustainable outcomes.

The discussion also addressed the unequal impact of climate change on the poorest countries, where limited resources and existing socio-economic vulnerabilities compound the challenges faced by women. The panellists advocated for targeted investments in gender-transformative infrastructure, including access to clean energy, water, and transportation, as well as the equitable distribution of resources and the implementation of flexible labour laws that accommodate the needs of women workers.

Intersectionality was a recurring theme, emphasising the importance of recognising and addressing the compounded disadvantages faced by women from diverse socio-economic and cultural backgrounds. By adopting intersectional approaches, climate strategies can better respond to the varied experiences of women, ensuring that no one is left behind.

Finally, the discussion highlighted the significance of equipping women with green skills and digital literacy to enable their active participation in the evolving workforce. As economies transition towards more sustainable practices, ensuring that women have the tools and knowledge to thrive in green industries is vital for achieving both gender equality and inclusive economic growth.

This dialogue underscored the urgent need to integrate gender perspectives into climate action strategies.

Related Resources

 

CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE FUTURE OF WOMEN’S WORK

Bi-monthly seminar nov-2024

IWWAGE Bi-monthly Seminar: Beneath the Headline Numbers: Employment Trends and Returns to Work in the Indian Labour Market

 

Dr. Mrinalini Jha, Assistant Professor, Jindal School of Government and Public Policy joined us for the seminar series on Thursday, the 28th of November, 2024 to discuss Employment Trends and Returns to Work in an Indian Labour Market. Dr Jha’s expertise lies in inequality, poverty and structural transformation in the Indian economy. The lecture– a product of her ongoing work–seeks to build a narrative of the worrisome state of the Indian economy, particularly in the labour market.

The discussion began with a lucid overview of the trends in workforce participation and employment in India.Dr. Jha introduced three phases concerning employment and population:

  • 1993-94 to 2004-05-Phase 1-rise in employment keeping pace with increasing population which results in a roughly constant Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) at 65%.
  • 2004-05 to 2017-18-Phase 2-stagnation in absolute employment numbers even as the working-age population continues to grow with a drop in the LFPR to 52% in 2017-18 from 66% in 2004-05.
  • 2017-18 onwards-Phase 3-a faster rise in employment levels as compared to the rise in the working-age population with an increase in the LFPR to 58% in 2021-22 from 52% in 2017-18.

However, Dr. Jha implores us to look beyond these headlines to focus on the quality of jobs, and how India is faring when it comes to ensuring the availability of “good jobs”. While the number of jobs created has increased, the quality of jobs has not improved. The proportion of self-employed jobs has increased, while the proportion of salaried jobs has decreased.The earnings of self-employed, casual workers, and salaried workers have not seen any positive rise either.The share of women in unpaid work has also increased. To surmise, the current trends indicate a crisis in the economy.

 

Dr. Jha argued that the increase in household income is not solely due to an increase in workforce participation rate (WPR), but also due to more people within a household working. She supplemented her arguments with data that indicate that while the proportion of household members working has increased, the income per worker has decreased. The increase in household income is attributable to more people, particularly women, stepping out to work at lower earning jobs. She  shared her insight on the issue of women entering the labour force primarily as unpaid helpers, and the shrinking proportion of women’s work. Dr. Jha sought  to empirically establish that it is not a choice women are making, rather an indication of economic distress.

 

She concluded with the reiteration that unemployment is not the best measure to evaluate the labour market’s health.Although, there has been a  steady rise in those employed as a percentage of the working-age population since 2017-18, quality as gauged from the nature of employment and earnings is worsening over time.Households are coping with economic distress by working more at lower wages to maintain total household earnings. Women joining the labour force is thus an account of this distress.This is also evident from the nature of employment women are engaged in.Productivity, as measured by earnings, is bound to increase as more members in the household work  Dr. Jha’s illuminating presentation opened the floor to many insightful comments and probing questions from the audience.

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